Understanding Hair Loss

Hair loss (alopecia) includes a range of conditions causing thinning or shedding of hair. The most common is androgenetic alopecia, which leads to pattern hair loss in men and women. Other types include telogen effluvium, alopecia areata, and scarring alopecias. Each type has distinct triggers and implications for treatment.

Because hair loss can affect self-esteem and emotional well-being, early assessment and management are important to improve outcomes and slow progression where possible.

• Gradual thinning or receding hairline
• Patchy bald areas
• Increased shedding
• Poor hair texture
• Slow regrowth

Causes and Risk Factors

Genetics are central in androgenetic alopecia, where hormonal factors such as dihydrotestosterone (DHT) cause follicular miniaturisation. Telogen effluvium often follows physiological stressors, including severe illness, surgery, or abrupt hormonal changes such as postpartum shedding.

Medical conditions like thyroid disease, iron deficiency, and autoimmune disorders can drive hair loss and should be investigated when appropriate.

• Genetic predisposition
• Hormonal imbalances
• Nutritional deficiencies
• Stress and illness
• Medications

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Symptoms depend on the type of hair loss. Pattern baldness shows characteristic recession and thinning, while telogen effluvium causes diffuse shedding. Diagnosis commonly involves clinical examination, history taking, and sometimes blood tests (iron studies, thyroid function) or scalp biopsy in atypical cases.

Treatment Options

Treatment is tailored to the cause. Minoxidil topical solutions are widely used and can support regrowth and slow progression. Finasteride is an oral therapy for men that reduces DHT and is effective for many, but is not suitable for women of childbearing potential.

Other options include correcting nutritional deficiencies, topical corticosteroids or injections for alopecia areata, low-level laser therapy, and referral for hair transplantation in suitable candidates.

• Topical minoxidil
• Oral finasteride (men only)
• Nutritional supplementation
• Corticosteroid therapy for alopecia areata
• Hair transplant for advanced cases

Prevention and Supportive Care

Preventive measures include maintaining a balanced diet rich in protein, iron and vitamins, avoiding harsh hair treatments, managing stress, and treating underlying conditions promptly. Psychological support and realistic expectations help patients cope with hair loss.