Understanding Acid Reflux and Heartburn

Acid reflux happens when stomach acid moves backwards into the oesophagus, leading to irritation and an uncomfortable burning feeling. When these episodes occur frequently or become severe, the condition is known as gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD).

Heartburn is the most recognisable symptom of acid reflux. It is felt as a burning, tight, or hot sensation in the chest, usually behind the breastbone. Despite the name, heartburn has nothing to do with the heart and is solely related to digestive function.

Occasional reflux is very common. However, persistent or worsening symptoms should be assessed by a healthcare professional.

What Causes Acid Reflux?

Acid reflux typically develops when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)—the valve separating the stomach from the oesophagus—weakens or relaxes at the wrong time. This allows acid to escape upwards.

Common Triggers and Risk Factors

• Eating trigger foods such as citrus fruits, tomatoes, chocolate, spicy meals, fatty dishes, or caffeinated drinks.
• Smoking or heavy alcohol consumption.
• Elevated body weight or pregnancy.
• Stress, poor sleep, and certain medications (including anti-inflammatory painkillers).
• Conditions such as a hiatus hernia can increase pressure on the stomach.

Pregnant individuals and young children may experience reflux more often due to hormonal changes and a smaller stomach capacity.

Symptoms of Acid Reflux & Heartburn

Typical Symptoms

• Burning sensation in the chest or throat
• Sour, acidic, or bitter taste in the mouth
• Bloating or feeling overly full
• Persistent coughing, throat irritation, or hoarseness
• Hiccups or nausea after meals

Symptoms of Severe or Ongoing Reflux

• Pain or difficulty swallowing
• Frequent regurgitation of food or liquid
• Worn tooth enamel from prolonged acid exposure
• Increased risk of esophageal inflammation, ulcers, or long-term complications

Symptoms are often worse after eating, when lying down, or during the night.

How to Reduce and Treat Acid Reflux

Lifestyle Tips

Implementing small daily changes can significantly ease symptoms:

• Eat smaller, balanced meals and avoid eating late at night
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Raise the head of your bed or use supportive pillows
• Limit or avoid spicy, acidic, or fatty foods
• Quit smoking and reduce alcohol intake
• Manage stress through relaxation techniques

Over-the-Counter Treatment Options

Available from Inspire Pharmacy:

• Antacids – Provide quick, short-term relief by neutralising stomach acid.
• H2 Receptor Blockers – Reduce acid production for longer-lasting comfort.
• Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) – The most effective option for frequent or chronic reflux, helping to heal the oesophagus and reduce acid production more deeply.

Speak to a healthcare professional if:

• Symptoms persist for more than a few weeks
• You experience difficulty swallowing or ongoing chest discomfort
• You develop unexplained weight loss or persistent vomiting
• Over-the-counter treatments are no longer effective

These may indicate an underlying issue requiring further assessment.

Popular Acid Reflux Medicines Available Online

Inspire Pharmacy offers secure online consultations and access to trusted PPI medications, including:

• Esomeprazole
• Omeprazole
• Lansoprazole
• Pantoprazole
• Rabeprazole

These treatments can help manage ongoing reflux and prevent complications.